Figure 17.2.1: Amine, Peptide, Protein, and Steroid Hormone Structure Amine Hormones These chemical groups affect a hormone’s distribution, the type of receptors it binds to, and other aspects of its function. The hormones of the human body can be structurally divided into three major groups: amino acid derivatives (amines), peptides, and steroids ( Figure 17.2.1). Stimulate development of female secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth Stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics and sperm production Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

Stimulates hormone release by adrenal cortex Endocrine Glands and Their Major Hormones (Table 17.2) The major hormones of the human body and their effects are identified in Table 17.2. Once the hormone binds to the receptor, a chain of events is initiated that leads to the target cell’s response. However, a hormone will only affect the activity of its target cells that is, cells with receptors for that particular hormone. When released into the blood, a hormone circulates freely throughout the body. Understand the various mechanisms for stimulating hormone release.Identify factors that influence a target cell’s response.Compare and contrast intracellular receptor systems and 2nd messenger systems.Identify the three major structural classes of hormones.Moodiness, irritability, or depression.Explain the chemical composition of hormones and the mechanisms of hormone action.īy the end of this section, you will be able to:.Skin problems, such as acne or reddish-blue streaks on the abdomen or underarm area.Upper body obesity, round face and neck, and thinning arms and legs.What are the symptoms of adrenal gland disorders?

What are the signs of adrenal gland problems? As a result, you get a temporary boost of strength. The hormone adrenaline makes your heart and lungs work faster, which sends more oxygen to your major muscles. Can adrenaline make you stronger?Īdrenaline. It can also result in anxiety, weight gain, headaches, and insomnia. What happens when your body produces too much adrenaline?īut over time, persistent surges of adrenaline can damage your blood vessels, increase your blood pressure, and elevate your risk of heart attacks or stroke. Glucocorticoids, cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents, are the final effectors of the HPA axis.

The zona fasciculata cells of the adrenal cortex synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids in response to ACTH secreted by the anterior pituitary (Jacobson, 2005).

Medulla hormones